Feed stocks for petrochemicals
The petrochemical industry in our country had a strong set
back at the time of start as there was no proper coupling with growing
petroleum industry.
Even today, to feed our refineries more oil is produced 34
M2t a from ONGC & OIL fields and 45 M2 M3
of gas per day and the accompanying gas has no proper utility thus more than
30% of gas being flared. The realization of saving hydrocarbon, though late,
has been resulted in creation of a separate wing, Gas Authority of India, to
transport the gas.
Natural gas being one of the best feed gas for
Petrochemicals, the technology is expounded in that direction. Besides the
field gases like Natural gas, Associated gas, Lean gas, the other gas comprise
of refinery gases.
The refinery gases are obtained from stabilizers,
atmospheric columns, and from process unit like crackers, cokers.
The total raw materials scene as usefully utilized in
petrochemical industry is listed below;
1. Gases comprising Associated gas, Lean gas, Refinery off gas,
Natural gas LPG, Condensate gases.
2. Light liquid Fractions, Natural gas liquid, Naphtha, wild
gasoline, Kerosene (Gas oil ranges), reformates.
3. Heavy Liquids
4. Kerosene, Extracts, Residuum, Low Sulphur Heavy Stocks,
Fuel Oil etc.
All the above fractions are used selectively for different
chemicals and everyone require certain type of purification. The maximum purification
required may be perhaps in the case of gases, as the gases are obtained either from
a fields or from a process.
The gas components in most of the cases may be same,
but the concentration are purity vary. The utility of a gas mainly lies in the
method of purification and degree of purification.
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